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A brigade of Virginians under a relatively unknown brigadier general from the Virginia Military Institute, Thomas J. Johnston arrived from the Shenandoah Valley by railroad, and the course of the battle quickly changed. McDowell's ambitious plan for a surprise flank attack on the Confederate left was poorly executed nevertheless, the Confederates, who had been planning to attack the Union left flank, found themselves at an initial disadvantage.Ĭonfederate reinforcements under Brig. Beauregard camped near Manassas Junction. Irvin McDowell led his unseasoned Union Army across Bull Run against the equally inexperienced Confederate Army of Brig. Just months after the start of the war at Fort Sumter, the Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which was expected to bring an early end to the Confederacy.

It was a Confederate victory, followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops. The Union's forces were slow in positioning themselves, allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. The battle was fought on July 21, 1861, in Prince William County, Virginia, just north of the city of Manassas and about 30 miles west-southwest of Washington, D.C. The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas (the name used by Confederate forces), was the first major battle of the American Civil War.

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